Actual Values in Project Management – Definition and Meaning
In project management, the term “actual” refers to the values of project parameters that have actually occurred, been measured, or observed at a specific point in time. Examples include actual costs, actual effort, actual duration, or actual completion percentage. The actual status is used to measure and document the real project progress and performance. It is typically compared to the planned status (target or baseline) in order to identify variances and support project control.
Example, best practice, and further information on the term
In a construction project, for example, “actual costs” are the sum of all invoices for materials and labor that have actually been incurred and paid up to the present day. A proven best practice is to record actual values regularly, promptly, and accurately (e.g., through time tracking or invoice verification) and systematically compare them with the corresponding planned or baseline values. This aligns with performance measurement according to PMBOK and agile progress tracking (e.g., actual burndown vs. ideal burndown). Analyzing actuals enables the identification of deviations, the adjustment of forecasts, and the initiation of corrective actions.
